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A cure for Huntington's disease could be in the pipeline following the results of a groundbreaking new trial.
For the first time, scientists have been able to slow the cruel neurodegenerative disease by up to 75 per cent in patients.
It means the decline patients could normally expect in one year would take four years after treatment, giving them decades of 'good quality life', experts said.
The results, hailed as 'spectacular' saw 29 patients given a type of gene therapy during 12 to 18 hours of delicate brain surgery.
Of those involved, one who was medically retired has now returned to work. Others are still walking despite being expected to need a wheelchair.
Professor Sarah Tabrizi, director of the University College London Huntington's Disease Centre, who was involved in the study told the BBC: 'We never in our wildest dreams would have expected a 75 per cent slowing of clinical progression.'
Professor Ed Wild, a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery at University College Hospital London, added: 'This is the result we've been waiting for.'
'There was every chance that we would never see a result like this, so to be living in a world where we know this is not only possible, but the actual magnitude of the effect is breathtaking, it's very difficult to fully encapsulate the emotion.'
Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder that affects the central nervous system and leads to involuntary movements, difficulty talking and memory loss.
On average, patients live for between 10 and 20 years after their diagnosis. The NHS says there is currently no way to stop it getting worse.
The condition, which affects 8,500 adults in the UK and around 30,000 in the US, occurs as a result of a fault in the huntingtin gene.
This leads to a build-up of the mutant huntingtin protein in neurons, causing them to die and triggering the devastating symptoms.
Scientists have for years tried to cut levels of the protein without simultaneously clearing their wild counterparts, which are vital for brain health.
But until now, researchers had struggled to make headway.
The new therapy developed by biotech company uniQure, uses cutting edge genetic medicine combining gene therapy and gene silencing technologies.
Dubbed AMT-130, it is made up of a harmless virus packaged with genetic material that has been altered to contain a specific sequence of DNA.
It is infused into the brain using MRI scanning and takes roughly 12 to 18 hours of neurosurgery.
The virus then delivers new pieces of the DNA inside brain cells, triggering cells to produce microRNA—small fragments of genetic material.
These interact with messenger RNA, resulting in lower levels of mutant huntingtin in the brain.
Results from the trial have been released in a statement by the company uniQure, but have not yet been published in full.
Over a follow-up of three years, there was a 75 per cent slowing of the disease on average, the data showed.
Levels of neurofilaments in spinal fluid—a clear sign of brain cells dying—should have increased by a third if the disease continued to progress.
But the trial also found levels were lower after three years than at the start of the trial.
Cath Staney, chief executive of the Huntington's Disease Association, said: 'This is a significant breakthrough, and I am sure it will bring hope to anyone affected by Huntington's disease.
'This trial shows an astonishing 75 per cent slowing of progression in the disease.
'That is remarkable and will bring much-needed optimism to the Huntington's disease community.'
Meanwhile, Professor Zosia Miedzybrodzka, from the University of Aberdeen, said: 'This a very exciting and important breakthrough.
'However, it is still early days and a lot more testing is needed to see if there are side effects of this new gene therapy, how long the benefits last and how well it works in the long term.
'But this is a groundbreaking first step and a day to celebrate.'